Sure! The note.add API in a curl request allows you to add an inbound note, like so:
curl -L 'https://api.notefile.net/req?product=com.product.name&device=dev:000000000000000' -d \
'{"req":"note.add","file":"sensors.qi", "body": {"temp": 72.22 }}'
And actually as I read this code, we do require a deviceUID to be sent, which probably solves the first issue you asked about 
Rob